"Eli, Eli, lama shabaqtani". The Christian condition in the Middle East

Authors

  • Khatchik DerGhougassian Universidad de San Andrés

Keywords:

Christians, Muslims, Middle East, vulnerability, intervention

Abstract

The article focuses on the situation of the Christians in the Middle East and defines their collective fate in terms of the “Christian condition.” The main argument sustains that the tragedy of the Christian condition in the Middle East lies in the crisis of the secular State, which is the consequence of both the emergence of the Islamic factor as well as Western interventions since the Crusades up to the colonial period and the US military intervention and occupation of Iraq in 2003. From this perspective, what is happening currently is not merely the repetition of History; it rather marks a continuity of a path of inequality in Muslim societies during different historical periods and foreign/Western interventions, which both in the past and the present were truly concerned with the destiny of Christianity in the Middle East.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Khatchik DerGhougassian, Universidad de San Andrés

Profesor de Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad de San Andrés.

References

Ajami, Fouad. 1992. The Arab Predicament. Arab Political Thought and Practice since 1967. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Al-Khazen, Farid. 2002. The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon. Traducción al árabe de Shukri Rahim. Beirut: Dar Al-Nahar.

Belt, Don. 2009. “The Forgotten Faithful Arab Christians”. National Geographic 215 (6).

Bournoutian, George A. 2012. Historia Sucinta del Pueblo Armenio. 2ª ed. en español. Traducción de Marité Flores Tiravanti de Margossian. Buenos Aires: Unión General Armenia de Beneficencia.

Debray, Régis. 2008. Un Cándido en Tierra Santa. París: Gallimard.

Dunn, Michael. 2006-2007. “The ‘Clash of Civilizations’ and the ‘War on Terror’.” 49th Parallel 20: 1-12. http://www.49thparallel.bham.ac.uk/ back/issue20/Dunn.pdf (accedido el 15/04/2010).

Duteil, Mireille. 2009. “Le long calvaire des chrétiens d’Orient”. Le Point 1912.

Elnaifer, Hmida. 2011. “Statut des ‘Gens du Livre’ en Occident musulman médiéval.” Le Debat 9 : 7-23.

Guidère, Mathieu. 2011. Le choc des révolutions arabes. Paris: Autrement.

Guitta, Olivier. 2009. “Al Qaeda malign giant strides in Algeria.” Washington Examiner. En IPRIS Digest 2 (150).

Harris, Sam. 2005. The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason. New York: W. W. Norton.

Hichens, Christopher. 2007. God is not Great. How Religion Poisons Everything. New York: Twelve.

Horowitz, Michael C. 2009. “Long Time Going. Religion and the Duration of Crusading.” International Security 34 (2): 162-193.

Human Rights Watch. 2009. On Vulnerable Ground. Violence Against Minority Communities in Nineveh Province’s Disputed Territories. Informe preparado por Samer Muscati y Peter Bouckaert en base a una investigación de campo conducido en el norte de Irak entre febrero y marzo de 2009. http://www.hrw.org/reports/2009/11/10/vulnerable-ground-0 (accedido el 2/05/2010).

Huntington, Samuel P. 1996. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Journet, Nicolas. 2010. “La croisade du nouvel athéisme.” Sciences Humaines 214: 26-31.

Kadri, Sadakat. 2012. Heaven on Earth: A Journey Through Shari’a Law. Londres: Vintage Books.

Kiracofe, Clifford A., Jr. 2009. Dark Crusade: Christian Zionism and US Foreign Policy. New York: I.B. Tauris & Co LTD.

Krugman, Paul. 2009. The Conscience of a Liberal. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

Lacouture, Jean, Ghassan Tuéni y Gérard D. Khoury. 2002. Un siècle pour rien. Le Moyen Orient arabe de l’Empire ottoman à l’empire américain. Paris: Albin Michel.

Lamani, Mokhtar. 2009. “Minorities in Iraq: The Other Victims.” CIGI Special Report (enero).

Maalouf, Amin. 2012. Les désorientés. Paris: Grasset.

Makdisi, Ussama. 2000. The Culture of Sectarianism. Community, History and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Okte, Faik. 1987. The Tragedy of the Turkish Capital Tax. Traducción al inglés de Geoffrey Cox. New Hampshire: Croom Helm.

Onfray, Michel. 2005. Traité d’athéologie. París: Bernard Grasset.

Phillips, Kevin P. 2006. American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century. New York: Viking Adults.

Pierret, Thomas. 2013. Religion and State in Syria. The Sunni Ulema from Coup to Revolution. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Rouleau, Eric. 2012. Dans les coulisses du Prôche-Orient. Paris: Fayard.

Rubenstein, Richard L. 2009. “Jihad and Genocide: The Case of the Armenians.” En Confronting Genocide. Judaism, Christianity, Islam, editado por Steven Leonard Jacobs. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

Sedra, Paul. 2012. “Reconstructing the Coptic Community Amidst Revolution”. Middle East Report 265: 34-38.

Shields, Sarah. 2013. “The Greek-Turkish Population Exchange. Internationally Administered Ethnic Cleansing”. Middle East Report 267: 2-6.

Shirinian, George N. (ed.). 2012. The Asia Minor Catastrophe and the Ottoman Greek Genocide. New York: Athens Printing Company.

Shortt, Rupert. 2013. Christianophobia. A Faith Under Attack. London, UK: Rider & Co.

Spector, Stephen. 2009. Evangelicals and Israel: The Rise of American Christian Zionism. New York: Oxford University Press.

Szanto, Edith. 2013. “Sectarianism and the Syrian Uprising”. http://www.academia.edu/2946944/Sectarianism_and_the_Syrian_Uprising (accedido el 18-03-2013).

Tadros, Mariz. 2013. “Copts Under Mursi. Defiance in the Face of Denial”. Middle East Report 267: 22-27.

Ufheil-Somers, Amanda. 2013. “Iraqi Christians. A Primer”. Middle East Report 267: 18-20.

Valognes, Jean-Pierre. 1994. Vie et mort des chrétiens d’Orient. Des origines à nos jours. Paris, France : Fayard.

Yégavian, Tigrane. 2011. “Les relations entre les chrétiens et le régime Al-Assad.” Moyen Orient 12: 40-42.

Fuentes periodísticas

Al Ameen, Shaida. 2013. “Christians displaced again by Iraqi violence”. Al Monitor, 3 de julio. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014 /07/iraq-christiansdisplaced-mosul-isis-crisis.html (accedido el 3/07/2014).

Alandete, David. 2013a. “La ira islamista acorrala a las minorías”. El País, 24 de agosto.

———. 2013b. “Los ataques sectarios desgarran Siria”. El País, 7 de septiembre.

Aziz, Jean. 2013. “Worries Grow About Fate of Kidnapped Syrian Bishop”. Al Monitor, 6 de agosto. www.almonitor.com (accedido el 7/08/2013).

Cengiz, Kemal Orhan. 2009. “Why the deep state targets Christians.” Today’s Zaman, 23 de mayo.

Morning Star News. 2013. “Christians in Syria Targetted for Kidnapping”. 19 de febrero. http://morningstarnews.org/2013/02/christians-in-syria-targeted-for-kidnapping/ (accedido el 19/02/2013).

Lucas, Edward. 2013. “Christianity at bay”. The Economist “The World in 2013”.

Riedel, Bruce. 2013. “Al Nusra: Al Qaeda’s Syria Offensive”. Brookings Institution, 23 de febrero. www.brookings.org (accedido el 23/02/2013)

Shah, Timothy Samuel. 2008. “Pope to Stress ‘Importance of Peace’ in Iraq, Middle East.” Entrevista a Bernard Gwertzman. Council on Foreign Relations, 28 de abril.http://www.cfr.org/publication/15990/shah.html? breadcrumb=%2Fbios%2F10481%2Ftimothy_samuel_shah (accedido el 30/06/2009).

Sly, Liz. 2013. “Islamic Law Comes to Rebel-Held Syria”. The Washington Post, 19 de marzo. http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-03-19/ world/37840878_1_al-nusra-deir-aleppo Acceso el 19-03-2013.

Published

2017-11-24

How to Cite

DerGhougassian, K. (2017). "Eli, Eli, lama shabaqtani". The Christian condition in the Middle East. Colección, (24), 143–171. Retrieved from https://e-revistas.uca.edu.ar/index.php/COLEC/article/view/880

Issue

Section

Research Articles