About Carson v. Makin: Legal Contours of the Free Exercise of Religion in US Educational Settings
Keywords:
Religious exercise, Education, First Amendment, Equality, Autonomy of religious organizations, FederalismAbstract
This article reviews the case Carson v. Makin (2022) issued by the US Supreme Court, which analyzes the application of the First Amendment of the US Constitution in educational settings. After briefly reviewing the precedents which frame the decision, this article examines the arguments made by the majority and the dissenting votes relating to the Free Exercise Clause and the Establishment Clause; the constitutional leeway for states to favor one clause or the other, and the autonomy of religious organizations under the federal Constitution.
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References
Becket Fund - Religious Liberty for All, Blaine Info Central. Dismanteling discriminatory Blaine Amendments. Disponible en: https://www.becketlaw. org/research-central/blaine-amendments-info-central/
Garnett, Richard W., “Religious Liberty, Church Autonomy, and the Structure of Freedom”, Christianity and Human Rights: An Introduction, John Witte, Jr. and Frank S. Alexander eds., Cambridge University Press, Notre Dame Law School Legal Studies Research Paper No. 10-10, 2010, pp. 226-238. Disponible en: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1585191
Garnett, Richard W., “The Theology of the Blaine Amendments”, 9/12/03. Disponible en: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_ id=455220
“George Washington’s Farewell Speech to the People of the United States”. Disponible en: https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/re- sources/pdf/Washingtons_Farewell_Address.pdf
Glenn, Charles, “The future of faith-based schools”, First Things, 15/11/21. Disponible en: https://www.firstthings.com/web-exclusi- ves/2021/11/the-future-of-faith-based-schools.
Reaves, N., “Religious autonomy in Carson v. Makin”, Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy Per Curiam, 29/7/22. Disponible en: https://www. harvard-jlpp.com/religious-autonomy-in-carson-v-makin-nick-reaves/
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Maine. Disponible en: https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/DataFiles/53180/25574_ ME.pdf?v=0
Viteritti, Joseph, “Choosing equality: Religious freedom and educational opportunity under constitutional federalism”, 15 Yale L. & Policy Rev., 1996, 113, 160.
Young, Ernest A., The Supreme Court and the Constitutional Structure, Nueva York. Foundation Press, 2012.
Normas
Maine Const., Art. VIII, pt. 1, §1.
Maine Rev. Stat. Ann., Tit. 20-A, Section 5204(4). Maine Rev. Stat. Ann., Tit. 20-A, §2(1).
Maine Rev. Stat. Ann., Tit. 20-A, §2951(2).
Missouri Const., Art. I, § 7. US Const. amend I.
Jurisprudencia
Carson, as parent and next friend of O.C., et al. v. Makin, 596 U. S. ____ (2022).
Espinoza et al. v. Montana Department of Revenue, et al., 591 U.S. __ (2020).
Eullit ex Rel. Eullit v. Maine, Dept. of Ed, 386 F. 3rd 344 (2004).
Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. EEOC, 565 U.S. 171 (2012).
Locke, Governor of Washington, et al. v. Davey, 540 U.S. 712 (2004).
Town of Greece, New York v. Galloway et al., 572 U.S. 565, 566 (2014).
Trinity Lutheran Church of Columbia, Inc. v. Comer, Director, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, 582 U.S. __ (2017).
Zelman, Superintendent of Public Instruction of Ohio, et al. v. Simmons-Harris, et al., 536 U.S. 639 (2002).
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